5 Easy Steps: How to Replace a Wheel Stud

Replace Wheel Stud

Replacing a loose, worn, or broken wheel stud is crucial for ensuring the optimal performance and safety of your vehicle. Wheel studs are responsible for securing the wheels to the hub assembly and can compromise the stability of your car if not in proper working condition. This guide will provide a comprehensive overview of the steps involved in replacing a wheel stud, empowering you to tackle this task with confidence and precision.

To initiate the process of replacing the faulty wheel stud, the first step is to gather the necessary tools and equipment. You will require a lug wrench, a jack, a jack stand, a socket wrench, a new wheel stud, and a thread locker. Ensure that you have the appropriate size and type of wheel stud for your vehicle by consulting the owner’s manual or a reputable auto parts store.

With the essential tools at your disposal, you can proceed to the preparation phase. Locate the flattest and most stable surface available for this task. Once you have identified a suitable location, engage the parking brake to prevent the vehicle from rolling. Use the jack to lift the vehicle, ensuring that you place the jack stand for added stability. Remove the lug nuts and carefully detach the flat tire. Now, you can proceed with the actual replacement of the wheel stud, adhering to the guidelines outlined in the subsequent sections.

Gathering Necessary Tools and Equipment

Essential Tools

Replacing a wheel stud requires a specialized set of tools to ensure the safety and precision of the task. Primary among these is a torque wrench, which allows for accurate tightening of the lug nuts to the specified torque value. A socket wrench or impact wrench provides the necessary power for loosening and tightening the lug nuts. Additionally, a wheel stud removal tool or a hammer and punch is essential for extracting the old studs. A wire brush or sandpaper is useful for cleaning the wheel surface and stud threads.

Safety Gear

Safety is paramount when performing any automotive repair. When replacing wheel studs, it is crucial to wear appropriate safety gear, including gloves, safety glasses, and a face mask to protect against flying debris. Additionally, using a jack and jack stands to support the vehicle is essential to prevent it from falling and causing injury.

Measuring and Gauging Equipment

To ensure that the new wheel studs are the correct size and fit, it is helpful to use measuring and gauging equipment. A caliper or micrometer can be used to measure the diameter and length of the old studs, and a thread gauge can be used to verify the thread pitch and size. This information will assist in selecting the correct replacement studs.

The following table provides a comprehensive list of necessary tools and equipment for replacing wheel studs:

Essential Tools
Torque wrench
Socket wrench or impact wrench
Wheel stud removal tool or hammer and punch
Wire brush or sandpaper
Safety Gear
Gloves
Safety glasses
Face mask
Measuring and Gauging Equipment
Caliper or micrometer
Thread gauge

Safety Precautions for Wheel Stud Replacement

1. Park in a Safe Location

Choose a level and stable surface to park your vehicle on. Engage the parking brake to prevent the vehicle from rolling. Ensure that the vehicle is in Park (P) or Neutral (N) for automatic and manual transmissions, respectively.

2. Use Wheel Chocks

Place wheel chocks behind the wheels opposite the one you will be working on. This provides additional stability and prevents the vehicle from moving while the wheel is removed. Use chocks that are specifically designed for the weight of your vehicle. Avoid using wooden blocks or bricks, as they may not provide adequate support.

Wheel Chock Types	Features
Metal Chocks	Durable and long-lasting, suitable for heavy vehicles
Rubber Chocks	Lightweight and portable, ideal for passenger cars and SUVs
Plastic Chocks	Affordable and easy to use, but may be less durable than metal or rubber chocks

3. Jack Up the Vehicle Safely

Use a floor jack of appropriate capacity to lift the vehicle. Position the jack at the designated jack points specified in your vehicle’s owner’s manual. Consult the manual for the correct jacking points to ensure proper and safe lifting. Slowly raise the vehicle until there is approximately 6 inches of clearance between the ground and the wheel that requires replacement.

4. Remove the Lug Nuts

Using a lug wrench, loosen the lug nuts that secure the wheel to the hub. Avoid removing them completely at this stage. Once they have been loosened, the wheel can be removed by hand.

5. Gently Remove the Wheel

Grip the wheel firmly and pull it straight toward you to detach it from the hub. Avoid twisting or jerking the wheel, as this could damage the wheel studs or the hub.

6. Inspect the Wheel Stud

Examine the wheel stud for any damage, such as bending, rust, or cross-threading. If the stud is damaged, it must be replaced before installing the new wheel.

Locating and Identifying Damaged Wheel Studs

Scanning the wheel assembly for any obvious signs of damage is the first step. Look for broken, bent, rusted, or cracked studs. Rotate the wheel by hand, paying special attention to any studs that appear loose or wobble when touched. These are signs of weakened studs and should be replaced as soon as possible.

Checking for Broken Studs

To confirm broken studs, jack up the vehicle and remove the wheel. Inspect the studs closely for any visible fractures or breaks. If a stud snapped off flush with the hub, use a flashlight to look for debris or metal shavings. Alternatively, you can run your finger along the surface of the hub, feeling for any sharp edges or uneven surfaces that indicate a broken stud.

Identifying Rust and Corrosion

Rust and corrosion weaken studs over time, reducing their ability to withstand the load of the vehicle. Rust appears as a reddish-brown discoloration on the surface of the stud. Corrosion, on the other hand, is a more severe form of rust that can cause the stud to become weak and brittle. To check for corrosion, examine the base of the stud where it meets the hub. If you notice any pitting, flaking, or crumbling, the stud is likely compromised and should be replaced.

Table: Common Signs of Damaged Wheel Studs

Symptom	Possible Cause
Loose or wobbly studs	Damaged threads or stripped nut
Broken or snapped studs	Overtightening, impact damage, or fatigue
Rust or corrosion	Exposure to moisture and salt
Pitting or flaking on stud surface	Corrosion or chemical damage

Removing the Old Wheel Studs

Removing the old wheel studs requires careful attention and the use of the appropriate tools. Follow these steps to safely and effectively remove the old wheel studs:

Safety First: Ensure your vehicle is parked on a level and stable surface. Engage the parking brake and place wheel chocks behind the wheels opposite the ones you’re working on.
Gather Your Tools: You will need a lug wrench, impact wrench or breaker bar, socket set, and penetrating oil (optional).
Remove the Lug Nuts: Using the lug wrench, loosen the lug nuts on the wheel with the damaged stud. Do not remove them completely.
Apply Penetrating Oil (Optional): If the wheel studs are rusted or seized, spray penetrating oil into the threads. Allow the oil to soak in for a few minutes to help loosen the studs.
Hammer the Studs Loose: Use a hammer to lightly tap on the end of the wheel studs. This will help break any corrosion or rust that may be holding the studs in place.
Use an Impact Wrench or Breaker Bar: Attach the appropriate socket to the impact wrench or breaker bar. Position the socket over the head of the wheel stud and pull the trigger or apply force to loosen the stud. Repeat this process for all the damaged studs on the wheel.
Remove the Studs: Once the studs are loose, use your hands to remove them completely. If any studs are particularly stubborn, you can use a pair of pliers to gently pull them out.

Preparing the New Wheel Studs

To ensure a successful wheel stud replacement, proper preparation of the new studs is essential. Follow these steps to prepare the new wheel studs:

1. Clean the Wheel Studs

Use a wire brush or emery cloth to clean any dirt, rust, or corrosion from the surface of the new wheel studs. This will help ensure a good contact surface for the lug nuts.

2. Apply Anti-Seize Compound

Apply a generous amount of anti-seize compound to the threads of the new wheel studs. This will help prevent the studs from seizing or rusting in place over time.

3. Measure the Wheel Stud Length

Measure the length of the new wheel studs using a caliper or a ruler. Compare the length to the original wheel studs to ensure they are the correct size.

4. Check the Stud Threads

Inspect the threads of the new wheel studs for any damage or defects. If any threads are damaged, discard the stud and use a new one.

5. Set the Wheel Studs

Recommended Torque	Lug Nut Grade
25-30 ft-lbs	Grade 5
40-50 ft-lbs	Grade 8
60-70 ft-lbs	Grade 10

To set the new wheel studs, use a torque wrench to tighten them into the wheel hub or rotor. Refer to the table above to determine the recommended torque for the specific lug nut grade you are using.

Installing the New Wheel Studs

Thoroughly Clean the New Studs

As stated before, any debris, dirt, or grease, will compromise the installation of the new studs. To avoid this, clean them thoroughly using a wire brush or a degreaser agent.

Apply Anti-Seize to the Studs

Anti-seize is a lubricant that prevents the studs from seizing to the hub or the wheel. It is recommended to apply anti-seize to the threads and the base of the studs. This will make removing them easier in the future.

Install the New Studs Using a Die

A die is a tool that creates threads by cutting into the metal. To install the new studs, place the die over the stud and turn it clockwise. The die will cut into the stud and create threads. Make sure to turn the die slowly and apply even pressure.

Tighten the Studs to the Specified Torque

Once the studs are installed, tighten them to the specified torque using a torque wrench. The specified torque will vary depending on the make and model of your vehicle. Refer to your vehicle’s repair manual for the correct torque specifications.

Install the Wheels and Lug Nuts

Once the studs are tightened, install the wheels and lug nuts. Tighten the lug nuts to the specified torque using a torque wrench. As before, the specified torque will vary depending on the make and model of your vehicle. Refer to your vehicle’s repair manual for the correct torque specifications.

Re-Check the Lug Nuts After 100 Miles

After driving for about 100 miles, re-check the torque on the lug nuts. This is because the lug nuts may have loosened slightly during the initial break-in period. Re-tighten the lug nuts to the specified torque using a torque wrench.

Using a Stud Threader for Precise Installation

If you require a more precise installation method, consider using a stud threader. This specialized tool helps to ensure that the new stud is properly aligned and tightened.

Preparation

Begin by cleaning the hub surface and applying a light coat of anti-seize compound to the new stud. Thread the stud onto the tool, aligning it with the holes in the hub.

Threading the Stud

Use a torque wrench to tighten the stud into the hub. Apply steady, even pressure until the stud reaches the desired torque specification. This ensures proper tightness without over-tightening.

Alignment Check

Once the stud is threaded into place, verify its alignment. Use a level or straightedge to check that the stud is perpendicular to the hub surface. Adjust as necessary to ensure proper alignment.

Tightening

Tighten the stud further by using the torque wrench to apply the specified torque. This final tightening step secures the stud firmly in place.

Inspection

Once the stud is tightened, perform a final inspection. Check for any signs of damage or misalignment. Ensure that the stud is securely seated and free of any loose debris.

Disadvantages of Using a Stud Threader

While a stud threader offers precision, it also has some drawbacks:

Time-consuming: Threading a stud can be a lengthy process, especially if multiple studs need to be replaced.
Specialized tool required: A stud threader is a specialized tool that not everyone may have access to.
Can be expensive: Stud threaders can be expensive to purchase, especially for those who plan on infrequent use.
Not suitable for all stud types: Stud threaders may not be compatible with certain stud designs or sizes.

Applying Anti-Seize Compound for Corrosion Prevention

To prevent seizing or corrosion, apply a high-temperature anti-seize compound to the wheel stud threads and the inside of the lug nut. Avoid getting anti-seize on the wheel’s mating surface or the brake rotor.

Step-By-Step Guide:

Clean the wheel stud threads and lug nut using a wire brush to remove rust and dirt.

Apply the anti-seize compound to the threads of the wheel stud using a brush or your fingers.

Spread the anti-seize compound evenly over the entire length of the threads.

Apply a small amount of anti-seize to the inside of the lug nut.

Install the lug nut onto the wheel stud and hand-tighten it.

Use a torque wrench to tighten the lug nuts to the specified torque, as indicated in your vehicle’s owner’s manual.

Repeat steps 1-6 for all the wheel studs and lug nuts.

Double-check the tightness of the lug nuts after driving for about 100 miles. This ensures that the anti-seize compound is properly seated and preventing corrosion.

Final Tightening and Torque Specifications

After the studs are replaced, it’s crucial to ensure proper tightening and torque to guarantee the safety and stability of your vehicle’s wheels. Follow these steps:

9. Clean and Thread Lock the Studs

Before tightening the lug nuts, clean the threads of the new studs and lug nuts thoroughly using a wire brush or brake cleaner to remove any debris or rust. Apply a small amount of medium-strength thread locker to the threads of the studs to prevent the nuts from loosening over time. Avoid using excessive thread locker, as it can potentially strip the threads if not applied correctly.

9.1. Install the Lug Nuts

Hand-tighten the lug nuts onto the studs, ensuring they are evenly distributed around the wheelbase. Use a torque wrench set to the vehicle’s specified torque to tighten the nuts. This torque value is generally found in the vehicle’s owner’s manual or available from trusted automotive resources. Tighten all nuts to the recommended torque in a star pattern, gradually increasing the torque in several passes.

Table: Typical Torque Values for Common Wheel Sizes and Vehicle Types

Vehicle Type	Wheel Size (inches)	Torque (ft-lbs)
Compact Cars	13-15	75-90
Midsize Cars	16-18	90-110
SUV/Crossovers	18-20	110-130
Trucks	15-17	80-100
Pickups	18-20	120-140

Note that these values are approximate and may vary slightly based on the specific vehicle and wheel combination. Always refer to the vehicle’s manual or consult an automotive professional for the exact torque specifications.

9.2. Final Inspection

Once the lug nuts are tightened to the correct torque, perform a final visual inspection to ensure all studs and nuts are secure and there are no loose or damaged components. If any issues are identified, recheck the torque and tighten or replace the affected parts as necessary. Regularly retorque the lug nuts after 50-100 miles of driving, especially for newly installed studs or wheels.

Wheel Stud Replacement Procedure

Inspection and Verification of Proper Installation

After completing the stud replacement process, it is crucial to thoroughly inspect and verify the proper installation of the new stud to ensure the safety and reliability of your vehicle.

Visual Inspection: Carefully examine the installed stud for any signs of damage, deformation, or improper seating. Ensure that the stud is flush with the hub or rotor surface and free from any burrs or threads that may interfere with proper torque application.

Torque Verification: Using a torque wrench calibrated to the manufacturer’s recommended specifications, tighten the lug nuts onto the stud in a star pattern. Ensure that the torque is gradually and evenly applied to prevent any overtightening or warping of the stud.

Wheel Alignment: Once the wheel is secured, check the wheel alignment to ensure that it is within the manufacturer’s specified parameters. A misaligned wheel can put undue stress on the wheel studs, potentially leading to premature failure.

Road Test: After completing the inspection and torque verification, take the vehicle for a short road test to verify the proper functioning of the repaired wheel assembly. Listen for any unusual noises or vibrations that may indicate any issues.

Periodic Inspection: It is recommended to periodically inspect the wheel studs and lug nuts for signs of wear, corrosion, or damage. If any irregularities are observed, address them promptly to prevent any safety concerns.

How To Replace Wheel Stud

Replacing a wheel stud can be accomplished with basic tools and about 2 hours of time. The following instructions will provide you with step-by-step instructions on how to replace a wheel stud.

Safety first! Always engage the parking brake before proceeding with any work on a vehicle and never get under a vehicle unless it is properly supported with jack stands in addition to using a jack.
Remove the lug nuts from the wheel that has the damaged stud using a lug wrench.
Remove the wheel from the vehicle.
Locate the damaged stud on the wheel hub and remove the lug nuts from the wheel lug using a lug wrench.
Use a hammer to knock the damaged stud out of the wheel hub.
Clean the lug hub’s threads using a thread cleaner.
Apply a thin layer of anti-seize lubricant to the replacement wheel stud.
Screw the replacement wheel stud into the wheel hub by hand until it is snug.
Tighten the replacement wheel stud using a lug wrench or torque wrench to the specified torque.
Reinstall the wheel onto the vehicle and tighten the lug nuts using a lug wrench.
Torque the lug nuts to the specified torque using a torque wrench.

Replacing a broken wheel stud is a fairly easy job that can be accomplished by most do-it-yourselfers with basic hand tools.