10 Easy Steps to Adjust Door Closer

Door closer adjustment steps

Door closers are an essential part of any building, ensuring that doors close automatically behind people, preventing drafts, and maintaining security. However, over time, door closers can become misaligned or malfunction, leading to doors that close too quickly, too slowly, or not at all. Fortunately, adjusting a door closer is a relatively simple task that can be completed by most homeowners or building maintenance staff. In this article, we will provide step-by-step instructions on how to adjust a door closer, including how to adjust the closing speed, the latching speed, and the backcheck.

Before you begin adjusting the door closer, it is important to identify the type of closer you have. There are two main types of door closers: hydraulic and pneumatic. Hydraulic door closers use a hydraulic fluid to control the closing speed, while pneumatic door closers use compressed air. Once you have identified the type of door closer you have, you can begin the adjustment process. To adjust the closing speed, locate the adjustment screw that is labeled “closing speed” or “sweep speed.” Turn the screw clockwise to increase the closing speed and counterclockwise to decrease the closing speed. Test the door to ensure that it is closing at the desired speed.

Once you have adjusted the closing speed, you can adjust the latching speed. The latching speed controls how quickly the door latches into the frame. To adjust the latching speed, locate the adjustment screw that is labeled “latch speed” or “hold open.” Turn the screw clockwise to increase the latching speed and counterclockwise to decrease the latching speed. Test the door to ensure that it is latching into the frame at the desired speed. Finally, you can adjust the backcheck. The backcheck controls how much force is required to open the door. To adjust the backcheck, locate the adjustment screw that is labeled “backcheck” or “stop.” Turn the screw clockwise to increase the backcheck and counterclockwise to decrease the backcheck. Test the door to ensure that it is opening with the desired amount of resistance.

Assessing the Door’s Need

Evaluating the condition of your door and door closer is crucial before making any adjustments. Here are some signs that indicate a need for adjustment:

Slow Closing Speed: The door takes an excessive amount of time to close, indicating that the spring tension is too weak.
Fast Closing Speed: The door slams shut too quickly, suggesting that the spring tension is too strong.
Door Not Latching: The door fails to latch properly, leaving a small gap when closed. This may indicate that the door strike is not aligned or the closer arm pressure is insufficient.
Door Banging: The door swings open and then slams shut with excessive force, indicating that the backcheck valve is not functioning properly.
Difficult to Open: The door requires excessive force to open, suggesting that the closing force is too high.

Besides addressing these issues, adjustments to the door closer can also be necessary when changing the frequency of door usage, installing new floor coverings, or modifying the door’s weight.

To ensure accurate adjustments, it’s important to consult the manufacturer’s instructions specific to your door closer model. These instructions will provide guidance on the appropriate adjustments for the type of door and its specific needs.

Selecting the Appropriate Door Closer

Choosing the right door closer is crucial for smooth and efficient operation. Consider these factors when selecting a closer:

Door Weight and Size

Determine the weight of the door in pounds and its width in feet. Refer to manufacturer charts to find the appropriate closer size and strength for your specific requirements.

Door Usage

Consider the frequency and manner in which the door is used. High-traffic areas such as entrances and exits necessitate stronger closers with adjustable closing speeds.

Environmental Conditions

Account for potential extreme temperatures, moisture, or wind that may affect the closer’s performance. Some models are designed to withstand these conditions, while others may require additional protection.

Projected Lift

Determined by the door’s weight, closer’s arm length, and mounting position. Refer to manufacturer’s recommendations for the appropriate projected lift for optimal performance and longevity.

Backcheck

A feature that slows down the door’s initial opening speed. This is beneficial for preventing damage to the door, frame, or surrounding walls.

Delay Action

A function that holds the door open for a period before closing. This is useful for high-traffic areas or entrances where additional time is needed for entry or egress.

Factor	Considerations
Door Weight and Size	Weight in pounds, width in feet
Door Usage	Frequency, manner of operation
Environmental Conditions	Temperature, moisture, wind
Projected Lift	Door weight, closer’s arm length
Backcheck	Prevents damage during opening
Delay Action	Additional time for entry/egress

Gathering Necessary Tools and Materials

Before adjusting a door closer, gather the necessary tools and materials to ensure a smooth and efficient process.

Tools:

Allen wrench set: Used to adjust screw heads on the closer body and arm.
Philips screwdriver: For removing and replacing cover plates.
Flathead screwdriver: For tightening or loosening hinge screws.
Pliers: To bend or shape the door closer arm if necessary.
Level: To ensure the door is hanging vertically and closing smoothly.

Materials:

In addition to tools, the following materials may be useful:

Lubricating Grease or Oil:

Apply grease or oil to moving parts of the closer to reduce friction and wear. Use a non-silicone lubricant to avoid damage to the closer’s seals.

Type of Lubricant	Recommended Use
Silicone grease	Hinges, door bolts
Teflon-based lubricant	Door closer mechanisms
Graphite-based lubricant	Dry areas, such as lock cylinders

Determining the Correct Mount Location

Identifying the optimal mounting position for your door closer is crucial for its effective functionality. Several factors influence the placement, including the door’s swing direction and the opening trajectory. Here are key considerations:

1. Door Swing Direction

The door’s swing direction dictates the closer’s mount point on the door frame. For an outward-swinging door, the closer is installed on the frame’s inner surface, while for an inward-swinging door, it goes on the outer surface.

2. Opening Trajectory

The door’s opening trajectory also affects the mount location. If the door opens fully to 90 degrees or more, the closer should be mounted in the center of the door frame. However, for doors that open to lesser angles, the closer should be positioned closer to the hinge side.

3. Door Size and Weight

The door’s size and weight impact the strength and leverage required from the closer. For smaller, lightweight doors, a closer with lower force may suffice. Heavier or larger doors necessitate a stronger closer with a higher closing force. The following table provides general guidelines for selecting a closer based on door weight:

Door Weight (lb)	Closer Size
100-150	Size 1
150-250	Size 2
250-350	Size 3
350+	Size 4 or 5

4. Arm Length and Projection

The arm length and projection of the door closer directly influence the closing force and door travel. The closer’s arm length should be selected based on the door’s width, while the projection determines how far the arm extends into the door opening. A longer arm with greater projection creates more closing force and slowing effect. Conversely, a shorter arm with less projection results in a gentler, faster closing action.

Determining the correct mount location for your door closer requires careful consideration of these factors to ensure optimal performance and extend its lifespan.

Installing the Door Closer Frame

Installing the Bracket

Position the bracket on the door frame and mark the mounting hole locations. Drill pilot holes and insert the screws to secure the bracket.

Mounting the Arm

Attach the arm to the bracket and extend it to the desired length. The arm should reach the center of the door leaf or closer to the edge if the door swings outward.

Adjusting the Track

The track is the vertical guide that the door closer slides along. Adjust the track to ensure it is parallel to the door frame and centered over the bracket.

5. Fine-tuning the Installation

After the initial installation, perform the following fine-tuning to ensure proper operation:

Adjust the backcheck valve to control the speed at which the door closes in the last 30 degrees of its swing.
Calibrate the closing speed by rotating the adjustment screw on the door closer body. Adjust for different door weights and desired closing speed.
Set the latch speed by adjusting the latching cam or the latching arm. This determines how quickly the door closes in the final few inches.
Configure the hold-open feature (if available) by setting the hold-open angle and the force required to release the door.

Attaching the Door Closer Body

With the arm attached, it’s time to mount the door closer body to the door frame. Follow these steps to ensure a secure and proper installation:

Determine mounting location: Mark the position of the door closer body on the frame, ensuring it’s aligned with the center of the door.
Drill holes: Using appropriate screws and the provided mounting template, drill pilot holes at the marked locations.
Apply sealant (optional): To enhance weather resistance, apply a bead of sealant around the mounting holes.
Attach mounting bracket (optional): Some door closers may require a mounting bracket for added support. Attach it using the provided hardware.
Position the door closer body: Align the door closer body over the mounting holes and secure it with screws.
Adjust hinge side arm: Once the body is attached, adjust the hinge side arm to ensure proper alignment with the door frame. This allows the door to swing freely and close smoothly.

Table: Hinge Side Arm Adjustment

Adjustment Type	Effect
Horizontal	Controls the distance between the door and frame
Vertical	Determines the starting position of the door when opening
Parallel	Ensures the arm swings parallel to the frame

Adjusting Hydraulic Spring Tension

The hydraulic spring tension determines the force required to open the door. It can be adjusted by turning the tension screw located on the side of the door closer. Turning the screw clockwise increases the tension, while turning it counterclockwise decreases the tension.

Step 1: Determine the Ideal Tension

The ideal tension depends on the size and weight of the door. A heavier door requires more tension to close properly. To determine the correct tension, open the door about halfway and release it. The door should close smoothly but not slam shut.

Step 2: Adjust the Tension Screw

Locate the tension screw on the side of the door closer. Use a screwdriver or Allen wrench to turn the screw. If the door is closing too slowly, turn the screw clockwise to increase the tension. If the door is closing too quickly, turn the screw counterclockwise to decrease the tension.

Step 3: Test the Tension

After adjusting the tension screw, open and close the door to test the tension. If necessary, make further adjustments until the door closes smoothly and at the desired speed.

Step 4: Fine-Tune the Tension

Once the tension is set, you can fine-tune it by adjusting the sweep speed and latch speed. The sweep speed controls the speed at which the door closes before the latch engages, while the latch speed controls the speed at which the door closes after the latch engages.

Step 5: Adjust the Sweep Speed

To adjust the sweep speed, locate the sweep speed valve on the side of the door closer. Turning the valve clockwise decreases the sweep speed, while turning it counterclockwise increases the sweep speed.

Step 6: Adjust the Latch Speed

To adjust the latch speed, locate the latch speed valve on the side of the door closer. Turning the valve clockwise decreases the latch speed, while turning it counterclockwise increases the latch speed.

Step 7: Additional Considerations

In addition to adjusting the spring tension, sweep speed, and latch speed, you may also need to adjust the following:

Adjustment	Effect
Backcheck	Controls the opening force required before the door closer engages
Delayed action	Delays the door closing for a specified period
Hold open	Keeps the door open at a certain angle

Calibrating Back Check and Latch Speed

The back check and latch speed are both adjustable features of a door closer that control the speed at which the door closes. Back check refers to the force applied by the closer to slow the door down before it fully opens, while latch speed controls the force applied by the closer to latch the door fully closed. Adjusting these settings allows for fine-tuning the door’s performance to meet specific requirements.

Adjusting the Back Check

To adjust the back check,

locate the back check adjustment screws on the door closer.
Screw them clockwise to increase back check force or counterclockwise to decrease it.
Test the door operation to ensure the desired amount of resistance is achieved.
Repeat steps 2 and 3 until satisfied with the back check force.

Adjusting the Latch Speed

Locate the latch speed adjustment screws on the door closer.
Screw them clockwise to increase latch speed or counterclockwise to decrease it.
Test the door operation to ensure the door latches fully closed without excessive slamming.
Repeat steps 2 and 3 until satisfied with the latch speed.
Repeat steps 2 and 3 until satisfied with the latch speed.

Back Check Adjustment

Clockwise to increase; Counterclockwise to decrease

Latch Speed Adjustment

Clockwise to increase; Counterclockwise to decrease<

Testing and Refinements

Once you have made the initial adjustments to your door closer, it is important to test it to make sure it is working properly. Open the door and let it close on its own. The door should close smoothly and at a consistent speed. If the door is closing too quickly or too slowly, you can make further adjustments to the closer.

Here are some additional tips for testing and refining your door closer adjustments:

9. Refinement

Once you have made your initial adjustments, you may need to refine them slightly to get the perfect fit. Here are some tips:

Adjust the closing speed. If the door is closing too quickly or too slowly, you can adjust the closing speed screw. Turn the screw clockwise to slow down the closing speed, or counterclockwise to speed it up.
Adjust the latch sensitivity. If the door is not latching properly, you can adjust the latch sensitivity screw. Turn the screw clockwise to increase the sensitivity, or counterclockwise to decrease it.
Adjust the backcheck. If the door is opening too quickly, you can adjust the backcheck. Turn the screw clockwise to increase the backcheck, or counterclockwise to decrease it.

Adjustment	Effect
Closing speed	Controls how quickly the door closes.
Latch sensitivity	Determines how easily the door latches.
Backcheck	Prevents the door from opening too quickly.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

If you’re experiencing problems with your door closer, here are some common issues you may be facing and their potential solutions:

1. Door Closes Too Quickly or Too Slowly

Adjust the latch speed or spring tension screws on the closer body to fine-tune the closing speed.

2. Door Doesn’t Close Properly

Check if the closer arm is installed correctly and if there are any obstructions in the door’s path.

3. Door Squeaks or Grinds

Lubricate the moving parts of the closer, such as the hinge pins and arm joints.

4. Closer Leaks Hydraulic Fluid

Replace the damaged seal or gasket on the closer body.

5. Closer Arm Becomes Loose

Tighten the screws that secure the closer arm to the door and frame.

6. Closer Doesn’t Hold the Door Open

Adjust the hold-open arm or replace the hydraulic fluid.

7. Closer Doesn’t Latch Properly

Ensure the latch bolt is aligned with the strike plate on the door frame.

8. Closer Triggers Prematurely

Check if the closer sensitivity is set too high. Adjust the sensitivity screw on the closer body.

9. Closer Is Noisy

Lubricate the moving parts of the closer, including the piston and arm.

10. Closer Arm Has Insufficient Clearance

Modify the door frame or install a shim to provide additional clearance for the closer arm to operate smoothly. Refer to the table below for recommended clearances:

Closer Arm Type	Recommended Clearance
Regular Arm	1/4 inch
Parallel Arm	1 inch

How to Adjust a Door Closer

A door closer is a device that automatically closes a door. It is used to keep doors closed in order to prevent drafts, conserve energy, and improve security. Door closers can be adjusted to control the speed at which the door closes, the amount of force required to open the door, and the latching speed. If your door closer is not working properly, you may need to adjust it.

Here are the steps on how to adjust a door closer:

Locate the adjustment screws on the door closer. There are typically two adjustment screws: one for the closing speed and one for the latching speed.

Use a screwdriver to turn the adjustment screws clockwise to increase the speed or counterclockwise to decrease the speed.

Test the door closer to make sure it is working properly. If the door is not closing properly, you may need to adjust the screws further.